Putting the person with diabetes first the team approach in holistic Essay

Putting the person with diabetes first the team approach in holistic assessment and management of diabetes mellitus. The module - Essay Example His cholesterol is high, as is his blood pressure. He is on Lipitor 80mg at night, has no foot ulcers or skin sores. He is also on metformin and sulfonylureas for his blood glucose maintenance. He does his best to comply with his regular medication, mostly his oral anti-diabetic medicines. His HbA1C is however persistently rising and he may need to be put on insulin for the next few months if his blood sugar would not be managed better. He has a strong support system through his wife and children. He is also intelligent and has a good understanding of his disease, however he is in denial about the long-term complications which may relate to his disease. This paper will discuss the appropriate and effective nursing management of this patient, considering mostly the importance of holistic assessment, self-management, and team approach in securing improved patient outcomes. Body The regulation of blood sugar levels are based on negative feedback which seeks to secure homeostasis for the body (Matthews, et.al. 2008). Blood glucose levels are monitored by the pancreas, mostly through cells called the Islets of Langerhans. In instances where the blood glucose would decrease near or below threshold levels, especially during exercise or prolonged lack of food, the Alpha cells of the pancreas discharge the hormone glucagon (Matthews, et.al. 2008). ... f glycogen or through the normal process of food ingestion, another hormone – insulin – is released from the beta cells of the pancreas (Brill 2011). Insulin allows the liver to convert the glucose into glycogen through the process of glycogenesis, thereby prompting majority of the body’s cells to use glucose found in the blood transported through the GLUT4 transporter (Powell 2007). This process would then lead to decreased blood sugar levels. As insulin attaches to the receptors found on the surface of the cells, the GLUT4 transporters bind to the plasma membrane through exocytosis. This would assist in the diffusion of glucose within the cell (Powell 2007). Glucose enters the cell and through phosphorylation, it is transformed into Glucose-6 Phosphate. This process helps maintain the concentration gradients, allowing glucose continued entry into the cell (Woodruff and Saudek 2005). The insulin gives the signal to the different systems, allowing metabolic contr ols to be maintained. In the case of Diabetes Mellitus type 1, non-production or insufficient production of insulin causes high blood glucose levels; and type 2 is often caused by a reduced responsiveness to insulin by the body tissues (Dubois and Bankauskaite 2005). There is insulin resistance, in other words. If unmanaged, diabetes, would persistently cause blood sugar levels to rise, with the glucose remaining within blood circulation, not absorbed or delivered by the cells (Dubois and Bankauskaite 2005). It can then lead to a variety of complications. The deficiency of insulin or the insensitivity of the receptors to insulin has a major role to play in the manifestation of diabetes. Individuals ingest and digest carbohydrates and through the actions of the enzymes within the digestive tract are

Rhetoric Essay Essay Example for Free

Rhetoric Essay Essay Rhetoric devices make persuasive writing very effective and more interesting to read. Studying rhetoric devices in English class, I have learned how to use and see these in effective writing. While some may argue that persuasive writing is not strengthen by rhetoric devices but by evidence, I certainly believe that rhetoric devices connect and deliver very strong persuasive writing to an audience. Rhetoric devices, mainly ethos, logos, and pathos, make persuasive writing very effective because they support and strengthen the arguments. Ethos is the art of connecting or appealing to an audience ethically. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Barbara Jordon are well known and have many supporters; therefore they are very credible, and many people would listen. Hundreds of people come to the speech and thousands more listen to it afterwards; these events, due to the size of the audience, draw more and more supporters. Being well known is very important because it gives a foundation and support to build on. Using facts, logos are very strengthening because it shows how some goals can be achieved. Barbara Jordon use of logos is one of the major reasons why the speech is. A perfect example of this is Barbara Jordon’s All Together Now speech. Being very truthful, Jordon is able to strengthen her argument and appeal to her supports. She shows that democrats have made mistakes and how racial segregation affected her life. She also is able to show that equality, regardless of gender, race, religion, or economic position, is necessary and how is transforms the country as a whole. Martin Luther King, although not as much a Jordon, uses logos to define his speech. Bringing a different view, he is able to convey how life would be better without the segregation. He tells about the dreams he has and says that it is possible to gain. Logos show the facts; however, it is not the strongest element when it comes to persuasion. The most effective of the rhetoric devices, pathos connects deeply to the audience by using emotional characteristics. Because it shows that the speaker knows and experiences what the audience does, pathos gives a very important reason on why the audience should support the speaker. Unlike Barbara Jordon, Martin Luther King uses pathos very efficiently throughout his speech, I Have a Dream. Civil rights activist, MLKJ gives the speech to increase the support for equality. Being segregated against and viewed upon as different, King is easily able to connect to his audience, who are also segregated against and viewed differently. In his dreams, King  tells about his children, however speaking as a whole community, he emotionally expresses that not only his children, but also the children of the audience should be able â€Å"live in a world where they are not judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†. Using repletion, King shows confidence and how everything he talks about is possible. that Barbara Jordon also uses this technique by asking question and showing, like the audience, she does not know the answer to everything. She also shows this by showing the audience the effects of a national community, where everyone is equal. To sum up, rhetoric devices are crucial elements when it comes to persuasive writing. Ethos, logos, and pathos are examples of rhetoric devices that support and strengthen the arguments being made. Martin Luther King Jr. and Barbara Jordon both use rhetoric devices and are able to create very strong and effective speeches and bring more supports f or their cause.

The effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction

The effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction A study of this research is on the effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction to CIMB Bank Berhdad. CIMB Bank Berhdad is a bank that CIMB Group is Malaysias second largest financial services provider and one of Southeast Asias leading universal banking groups. Formerly known as Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Berhad, it has been listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia, the nations stock exchange since 1987. As at  20 November 2009, CIMB Group was the third largest company on Bursa Malaysia with a market capitalisation of approximately RM46.6 billion. CIMB Group is also the majority shareholder of Bank CIMB Niaga in Indonesia, and the single largest shareholder of CIMB Thai in Thailand. (CIMB, 2010) CIMB Group offers a full range of financial products and services, covering corporate and investment banking, consumer banking, treasury, insurance and asset management. We operate our business on a dual banking basis through three main brand entities CIMB Bank, CIMB Investment Bank and CIMB Islamic giving customers a choice of both conventional and Islamic solutions. (CIMB, 2010) As a regional universal bank, CIMB Group serves everyone from all walks of life in Malaysia and throughout the region, including large regional corporations, domestic listed companies, entrepreneurial start-ups, high net worth individuals, pensioners and children. With total staff strength of 36,000, the Group reaches 58% of the ASEAN population, representing 80% of ASEANs gross domestic product. Our retail network of 1,150 branches is the largest in the Southeast Asian region. (CIMB, 2010) Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, CIMB Groups main markets are Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore, countries in which we have full universal banking capabilities. Our presence in 11 countries covers South East Asia and major global financial centres, as well as countries with which our South East Asian customers have significant business and investment dealings. (CIMB, 2010) In addition, we extend our regional reach and range of products and services through strategic partnerships. Our partners include the Principal Financial Group, Aviva plc, Allianz Malaysia Berhad, AIA Berhad, Sun Life Financial, Mapletree Capital Management, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Standard Bank plc, Daishin Securities, the Kanoo Group, Malaysia Airlines, International Currency Exchange, EDS, Petronas Dagangan, Proton, Pos Malaysia, 7-11, Singer Malaysia and many more. (CIMB, 2010) Problem Statement This research on CIMB BANK BERHAD is will identify the factor that affects of employee motivation and job satisfaction to CIMB BANK BERHAD. And to further identify the effects of these strategies.   Objectives of the research These objectives are paying attention to the problems and objectives that are selected to clarify the intended information and also be able to derive specific information that are not limited by the previous questions. This study intended to get the suitable data to help in building the proper assessment. This includes:   To determine methods that CIMB BANK BERHAD practice to inspire or motivate their employees. To determine the accomplished strategies by CIMB BANK BERHAD in giving job satisfaction to their employees. To create an appropriate solution for CIMB BANK BERHAD problems.   Scope of the Study The scope of the study is relied on the employees of CIMB BANK BERHAD. This focuses on determine which factors create desirable influence to their employees towards satisfaction. And to know what factors of independent variables that could have the greatest impact on employees satisfaction.-studying the factors that lead to employees loyal with CIMB BANK Significance of the Study   This research was created to comprehend the significant factors of employees fulfillment to enable efficiency, quality, service, and loyalty to CIMB BANK. Definition of Terms   Job Satisfaction Employee Motivation Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Research Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 H1: This study shows that adequate salary or monetary income plays a major role in allowing employees to be satisfied in their jobs. H0: There is no significant relationship between salary and job satisfaction   Hypothesis 2 H1: This study shows that work recognition plays a role to have a sense of importance and motivates employees to work diligently. H0: There is no significant relationship between work recognition and job satisfaction.   Hypothesis 3 H1: This study shows giving professional growth to employees such as trainings, seminars, etc. allows employees to have mental growth which they apply to their daily duties as employees. H0: There is no significant relationship between professional growth to employees creativity and development.     Literary Review Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory Let me rephrase the perennial question this way: How do you install a generator in an employee? A brief review of my motivation-hygiene theory of job attitudes is required before theoretical and practical suggestions can be offered. The theory was first drawn from an examination of events in the lives of engineers and accountants. At least 16 other investigations, using a wide variety of populations (including some in the Communist countries), have since been completed, making the original research one of the most replicated studies in the field of job attitudes. The findings of these studies, along with corroboration from many other investigations using different procedures, suggest that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Since separate factors need to be considered, depending on whether job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction is being examined, it follows that these two fee lings are not opposites of each other. The opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction but, rather, no job satisfaction; and similarly, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job dissatisfaction. Stating the concept presents a problem in semantics, for we normally think of satisfaction and dissatisfaction as opposites i.e., what is not satisfying must be dissatisfying, and vice versa. But when it comes to understanding the behavior of people in their jobs, more than a play on words is involved. Two different needs of human beings are involved here. One set of needs can be thought of as stemming from humankinds animal nature the built-in drive to avoid pain from the environment, plus all the learned drives that become conditioned to the basic biological needs. For example, hunger, a basic biological drive, makes it necessary to earn money, and then money becomes a specific drive. The other set of needs relates to that unique human characteristic, the ability to achieve and, through achievement, to experience psychological growth; in the industrial setting, they are the job content. Contrariwise, the stimuli inducing painavoidance behavior are found in the job environment. The growth or motivator factors that are intrinsic to the job are: achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. The dissatisfaction avoidance or hygiene (KITA) factors that are extrinsic to the job include: company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security. A composite of the factors that are involved in causing job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, drawn from samples of 1,685 employees, is shown in the figure Factors Affecting Job Attitudes below. The results indicate that motivators were the primary cause of satisfaction, and hygiene factors the primary cause of unhappiness on the job. The employees, studied in 12 different investigations, included lower level supervisors, professional women, agricultural administrators, men about to retire from management positions, hospital maintenance personnel, manufacturing supervisors, nurses, food handlers, military officers, engineers, scientists, housekeepers, teachers, technicians, female assemblers, accountants, Finnish foremen, and Hungarian engineers. They were asked what job events had occurred in their work that had led to extreme satisfaction or extreme dissatisfaction their part. Their responses are broken down in the exhibit into percentages of total positive job events and of total negative job events. (The figures total more than 100% on both the hygiene and motivators sides because often at least two factors can be attributed to a single event; advancement, for instance, often accompanies assumption of responsibility.) To illustrate, a typical response involving achievement that had a negative effect for the employee was, I was unhappy because I didnt do the job successfully. A typical response in the small number of positive job events in the company policy and administration grouping was, I was happy because the company reorganized the section so that I didnt report any longer to the guy I didnt get along with. As the lower right-hand part of the figure shows, of all the factors contributing to job satisfaction, 81% were motivators. And of all the factors contributing to the employees dissatisfaction over their work, 69% involved hygiene elements. The term job enrichment describes this embryonic movement. An older term, job enlargement, should be avoided because it is associated with past failures stemming from a misunderstanding of the problem. Job enrichment provides the opportunity for the employees psychological growth, while job enlargement merely makes a job structurally bigger. Since scientific job enrichment is very new, this article only suggests the principles and practical steps that have recently emerged from several successful experiments in industry. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslows ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization) are today more relevant than ever. Abraham Maslows book Motivation and Personality, published in 1954 (second edition 1970) introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, and Maslow extended his ideas in other work, notably his later book Toward A Psychology Of Being, a significant and relevant commentary, which has been revised in recent times by Richard Lowry, who is in his own right a leading academic in the field of motivational psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in New York in 1908 and died in 1970, although various publications appear in Maslows name in later years. Maslows PhD in psychology in 1934 at the University of Wisconsin formed the basis of his motivational research, initially studying rhesus monkeys. Maslow later moved to New Yorks Brooklyn College. Maslows original five-stage Hierarchy of Needs model is clearly and directly attributable to Maslow; later versions with added motivational stages are not so clearly attributable. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs has been extended through interpretation of Maslows work by other people, and these augmented models and diagrams are shown as the adapted seven and eight-stage Hierarchy of Needs models below. There is some uncertainty as to how and when these additional three stages (six, seventh and eighth Cognitive, Aesthetic, and Transcendence) came to be added, and by whom, to the Hierarchy of Needs model, and many people consider Maslows original five-stage Hierarchy Of Needs model to be the definitive (and perfectly adequate) concept. Each of us is motivated by needs. Our most basic needs are inborn, having evolved over tens of thousands of years. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs helps to explain how these needs motivate us all. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development. Conversely, if the things that satisfy our lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs. Maslows original Hierarchy of Needs model was developed between 1943-1954, and first widely published in Motivation and Personality in 1954. At this time the Hierarchy of Needs model comprised five needs. This original version remains for most people the definitive Hierarchy of Needs. 1. Biological and Physiological needs air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Abraham Maslow created the original five level Hierarchy of Needs model, and for many this remains entirely adequate for its purpose. The seven and eight level hierarchy of needs models are later adaptations by others. Arguably, the original five-level model includes the later additional sixth, seventh and eighth (Cognitive, Aesthetic, and Transcendence) levels within the original Self-Actualization level 5, since each one of the new motivators concerns an area of self-development and self-fulfilment that is rooted in self-actualization growth, and is distinctly different to any of the previous 1-4 level deficiency motivators. For many people, self-actualizing commonly involves each and every one of the newly added drivers. As such, the original five-level Hierarchy of Needs model remains a definitive classical representation of human motivation; and the later adaptations pMaslows Hierarchy of Needs is an excellent model for understanding human motivation, but it is a broad concept. If you are puzzled as to how to relate given behaviour to the Hierarchy it could be that your definition of the behaviour needs refining. For example, where does doing things for fun fit into the model? The answer is that it cant until you define doing things for fun more accurately. Youd need to define more precisely each given situation where a person is doing things for fun in order to analyse motivation according to Maslows Hierarchy, since the fun activity motive can potentially be part any of the five original Maslow needs. Understanding whether striving to achieve a particular need or aim is fun can provide a helpful basis for identifying a Maslow driver within a given behaviour, and thereby to assess where a particular behaviour fits into the modelerhaps serve best to illustrate aspects of self-actualization. Michael Carey makes a strong statement about the role of individuals and teams within a growing organization. All entrepreneurial businesses need the drive and vision of one individual to make them happen; but Ive never seen a successful business that solely depends on one person to be successful. Recognizing and accepting the necessity for change is an important step in successful management. Various leading international fi nancial publications including Best Debt House, Best Equity House Best MA house from Euromoney, Best Local Investment Bank, Best Local Brokerage and Best Overall Country Research from FinanceAsia. The company has also finished its spot in the region of human resources, with CIMB charming the National Human Resource Excellence Award in 2002. A year preceding the collection determined to merge its internal process by centralize the human possessions function in its place of having person HR departments in the groups subsidiary. With an long-drawn-out, federal HR Department, there was a urgent need to tap on technical innovation to get better commerce process and prepared efficiencies. This encouraged CIMB to organize eHR, an electronic human resources workflow answer urbanized on the Microsoft platform by Microsoft Gold Certifi ed associate, Mesiniaga Bhd. Up till then, the process in the HR section were basically physically driven. Other key challenge which CIMB faced after that were complexity in track the status of staff needs and application; lack of addition between a range of department ensuing in replication of try and data-entry errors; not there forms and ever growing storage space required for hardcopy forms. prior to the foreword of eHR, the HR Department had to overhaul about 800 users on a daily basis for a variety of HR-related form and needs. Because these forms and requirements were handled physically and paper-based, it took a huge deal of time to procedure. With manpower predictable to augment in the coming years, the circumstances would only get more urgent. Euromoney, Best Local Investment Bank, Best Local Brokerage and Best Overall Country Research from FinanceAsia. The company has also finished its spot in the region of human resources, with CIMB charming the National Human Resource Excellence Award in 2002. A year preceding the collection determined to merge its internal process by centralize the human possessions function in its place of having person HR departments in the groups subsidiary. With an long-drawn-out, federal HR Department, there was a urgent need to tap on technical innovation to get better commerce process and prepared efficiencies. This encouraged CIMB to organize eHR, an electronic human resources workflow answer urbanized on the Microsoft platform by Microsoft Gold Certifi ed associate, Mesiniaga Bhd. Up till then, the process in the HR section were basically physically driven. Other key challenge which CIMB faced after that were complexity in track the status of staff needs and application; lack of addition between a range of department ensuing in replication of try and data-entry errors; not there forms and ever growing storage space required for hardcopy forms. prior to the foreword of eHR, the HR Department had to overhaul about 800 users on a daily basis for a variety of HR-related form and needs. Because these forms and requirements were handled physically and paper-based, it took a huge deal of time to procedure. With manpower predictable to augment in the coming years, the circumstances would only get more urgent. As the information from the paper forms were not keyed into any electronic system, each time any staff information was required, it had to be physically retrieved from the fi les. For managers, this meant they had no effi cient way to fi nd out how many of their staff were on leave or who had gone for training. We spent a lot of time digging for information from the fi les, and then checking and verifying records with the users, says Hamidah Naziadin, Director of Corporate Resources Division, Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd. Our mission at that time was also to change HRs role from a very traditional administrative one to become more like a strategic partner. And how are we going to move ahead if we are going to be continually bogged down by all this? Hamidah asks. We needed a system which could empower HR staff, making them a whole lot more effi cient, she says. Hamidah adds that empowerment comes from having information at your fi ngertips and being able to analyze the information to make better and faster decisions. the HR Department had to service about 800 users on a daily basis for various HR-related forms and requests. Because these forms and requests were handled manually and paper-based, it took a great deal of time to process. With manpower expected to   increase in the coming years, the situation would only get more pressing.   As the information from the paper form was not key into several electronic scheme, every occasion any staff information be necessary, it had to be bodily retrieve from the files. For manager, this destined they had no well-organized way to discover out how a lot of of their employees were on abscond or who had gone for teaching. We exhausted a lot of time dig for information from the files, and then examination and verifying records with the users, says Hamidah Naziadin, Director of Corporate Resources Division, Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd. Our assignment at that time was also to alter HRs position from a very customary managerial one to turn out to be more like a planned partner. And how are we leaving to move in front if we are leaving to be repeatedly bogged downward by all this? Hamidah asks. We wanted a scheme which might empower HR staff, creation them a whole lot additional efficient, she says. Hamidah add that empowerment come from have in order at your finger tips and life form clever to examine the in order to create better and sooner decision. With speedy growth came the need to improve its credit risk scorecards ability. CIMB Bank chosen SAS to improve its interior risk scorecard growth capability for a quicker level of new credit risk scorecards. During the first stages of the merger, the bank needed to put together all the client data in a consistent format. Obtainable credit scorecards were to be recalibrated to improved gauge and rank credit to help fuel commerce growth. The scorecard modeling process also had to be simplified to allow experts, such as business analyst, to do information without request help from the IT department. The bank required scorecard modelers to have additional time to focus on create models that help it grow and stay gainful The Dagang Net CIMB Bank Collaboration in DutyNet produced a homegrown Malaysian product that is set to put Malaysia on the map of   echnological advancement. As the country that entered its 50th year of independent nationhood, Malaysia looks to become a competitive global player in all areas of economic growth said Abdul Halim Othman, Head, Government Relationship Management, CIMB Bank. DutyNet has spurred interest in ASEAN, which is now looking at individual National Single Window (NSW) where traders from any originating ASEAN country will be able to make duty payments to RMC via Dagang Nets financial services payment gateway. RMC has a vision of becoming a worldclass Customs administration. In this respect, RMCs mission it to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ collect duties and taxes efficiently à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promote the development of trade and industrial sectors through continuous Customs facilitations   Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ enhance legal compliance, safeguard economic, social and security Interests increments. beneath the preparation module, employees can view online the list of education programs obtainable for them and make a ask for for the pertinent training course. To ease the managerial burden of the HR staff, the eHR answer promote the self- repair idea. workers are buoyant to inform their individual information themselves, plus the change completed by means of the organization is automatically reorganized. They can also right of entry the classification to hit upon out about accessible accommodation loan scheme and whether they meet the criteria for it. workers can now access the online employee manual any time and from anywhere with Internet right of entry. Making change to the manual is no longer a annoyance as it is easily efficient online compare to before when alteration have to be on paper out and isolated to employees. As the answer interface with the companys secretarial system, claim for items such as checkup and activity operating cost will be right away updated into the office scheme. And this eliminates the require to re-key in the information into the plan. So it cuts down a lot of needless paper work and reduce the possible for mistake in information entry, said by Kamariah Mohd. Anxious with meeting its anticipated load of 750 users performing simultaneous online transactions, CIMB-GK embarked on the first phase of its implementation with Borland SilkPerformer, an enterprise-tool for software application performance and load testing. Pleased with the hassle-free implementation, Mr Rahardja said, We have a terrific working relationship with Borland. We are very pleased with the Borland team, whose professionalism, responsiveness and excellent customer support delivered a smooth-sailing and successful implementation. When we needed help, we received almost immediate assistance from the Borland product experts. The implementation was completed on time and within budget, with the system going live in May 2008.   Theoretical framework Figure 2 The image above explains that if a company gives employees the freedom for growth and sufficient salary, more often than not employees attain job satisfaction and renders loyalty. Figure 2 Population sample, data collection, data analysis The researcher visited the different libraries for journals, articles and studies needed for the research. The researchers gathered time-series data from different Banking institutions to assure of its validity and consistency. The researchers would also gathered different news and articles regarding the past events that involves or has consistent customer interaction as its main issue. It would tackle evidences of how proper services, awareness serves as the means affect the profit and increase the margin for more clients. The researcher has also researched data of the banks that have similar situations with CIMD The researcher would gather data from 2007-2009 to be able to assure consistency and reliability. This study will took place within CIMB BANK BERHAD in Malaysia.   Participants will be selected according to their desire to participate in this study.   Narrative data will be generated from all researched studies such as journals, articles, academic references, etc. The data analysis will Quantitative research enables the researcher to generate new theories from gathering descriptive data about the research topic. Quantitative research process involves the result of a certain procedure. The type of qualitative research studies undertaken are ethnographical, which refers to the description of a phenomenon from a cultural group or society, grounded theory, which focuses on real life settings and phenomenological which describes different experiences.   Quantitative research is used to identify the specific effect which leads to using statistical evidence and appropriate statistical tools. It is also used for intervention studies and randomized control trials, which is the gold standard, observational and cohort studies. The quantitative approach is applicable to smaller sample group to generate rich data.   Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words,   In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research design are either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A evocative study establish only relations between variables.  Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words,   In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research design are either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new (subjects measured before and after a treatment ). A evocative study establish only relations between variables.     Research methodology The agreed consumers of CIMB BANK BERHAD to answer the semi-interviews are two medical practitioners, general managers, homemakers, and two college students. They were chosen purposively for the reason of this study. A designed questionnaire for semi-interview was utilized for collection of data from the participants. Below are the selected questions asked during the interview.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The questions consisted of the following broad sections; and approach through the services proved by CIMB BANK BERHAD and information and insight about dissimilar aspect of their services. These selected interview questions were created to identify how CIMB BANK BERHAD conduct their sevice and how much they aim to satisfy their financial needs. Since they interact with such with the representatives of CIMB BANK BERHAD first had, they are the most suitable subjects for this study. I have incorporated their familys views on this and how they respond to the participant views. Their familys wer3e included since they are also consumer body. These participants were invited through the accumulated list of consumers that participant in their Customer Satisfaction Survey (CSAT). 30 participants were invited however, only eight responded. Each participant went through semi-interview for 30 minutes.    A previous meeting was made with the participants. Accordingly the participants were briefed and were given a schedule as to when the official interview will occur.    Both Doctors, in this study, have the same qualifications below: More than a year as customers of CIMB SDN BHD-MALAYSIA Above 25 years old Has active profession Both homemakers have the same qualifications: More than a year as customers of CIMB SDN BHD-MALAYSIA Above 18 years old No source of income except their spouse Both Students have the same qualifications: Dependent on their parents regarding financial needs Above 18 years old Both general managers have the same qualifications Has control and jurisdictions on the profit of their industry Above 25 years of age Apart from the consumers of CIMB, this study has interviewed employees, upper management to discuss several questions in regard to the services they render. During the interviews the doctors, general managers, and homemakers were willing to answer the questions. The students, in the other hand, were at times reluctant to answer some of the questions. The students must have thought their answers werent accurate.     Limitation and scope of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A form from HR department had to be filled detailing the research project and once approved by Human Resource manager, it will be forwarded back to the researchers university for approval.   Once approved, further permission would have to be sought for the research project by filling out forms from the Ethics committee. Also the researcher will require the permission from the CIMB BANK BERHAD board. The limitations of this project would be of financial assistance and the participation of the patients. Participants may not be willing to participate and share their information. While financial assistance may have denied assistance. The participants are initially invited verbally. If willing, the patient signed a waiver that he/she approved the participation of this program. The participant will have the option not to disclose certain information if requested Finding discussion

Marxism Politcial Economy Essay -- Economics Marx

According to Marxist political economy, exploitation is the key factor which underpins the very fundamentals of society. By this Marxists believe exploitation is more than simply an economic phenomenon, but instead a norm created through false consciousness, which has infested itself within all aspects of society; stretching from the state, to the very structure of the social system. Marx emphasis on exploitation lies in his belief that the value of a ‘commodity’ is purely derived from the accumulated labour expended to produce such a good. Although the ‘labour theory of value’ was originally contemplated by Classical Economist such as Smith/Ricardo the emphasis for Marx was on labour as a value rather than simply a cost in the production process. As Dooley explains ‘Marx maintained that labour was the sole value creating substance’ (Dooley 2005) and this point is further developed by Sayer who states that the fundamental distinguishing characteristic of Marxism ‘is the existence of labour-power as a commodity’. (Sayer 1979). For Marx labour was the source of all wealth in society, which would ultimately be transformed by the bourgeoisie into ‘surplus value’ and profit through numerous industrial policies such as specialisation through division of labour. Capitalism is a system that encourages ‘alienation’ of the worker as the commodities produced are not produced for need or desire, but instead in the pursuit of profit. It’s from this concept that exploitation can be explained. Marx defined exploitation as the surplus value extracted from the labour force in order to generate profit. This would be achieved through paying wages lower than the value of the commodity produced. Such a theory remains evident in the n... ...Economy. London: International Publishers. 19 - 23. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. 3rd ed. London: Penguin. 219. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. 3rd ed. London: Penguin. 258. Powell, B and Skarbek, D. (2004). Sweatshops and Third World Living Standards. The Independent Institute. 53 (1), 6, 10. Sayer, Derek (1979). Marx's Method Ideology, Science & Critque in Capital. 2nd ed. Brighton: The Harvester Press Limited. 44-45. Sumner Colin (1979). Reading Ideologies an investigation in to the Marxist theory of ideology and law. London: Academic Press Inc. 44. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p43. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p42 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7242492.stm (2008) http://www.indexmundi.com/bangladesh/gdp_real_growth_rate.html

Chapter 9 world history AP notes Essay

Overall Summary (ablongman)- â€Å"In addition to the great civilizations of Asia and North Africa forming during the postclassical period, two related major civilizations formed in Europe. The Byzantine Empire, in western Asia and southeastern Europe, expanded into eastern Europe. The other was defined by the influence of Catholicism in western and central Europe. The Byzantine Empire, with territory in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the eastern Mediterranean, maintained very high levels of political, economic, and cultural life between 500 and 1450 C.E. The empire continued many Roman patterns and spread its Orthodox Christian civilization through most of eastern Europe, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Catholic Christianity, without an imperial center, spread in western Europe. Two separate civilizations emerged from the differing Christian influences† The Byzantine Empire â€Å"The Byzantine Empire unfolded initially as part of the greater Roman Empire. Then, as this framework shattered with Roman decline, it took a life of its own, particularly from the reign of Emperor Justinian onward. It centered on a territory different from and smaller than the eastern Mediterranean as Rome had defined it. This was the result of new pressures, particularly the surge of Islam throughout North Africa and the bulk of the Middle East. Despite many attacks, the empire flourished until the 11th century.† Origins of the Empire: †¢You can think of the beginning of the empire as the 4th century CE oThis was when the Romans set up their western capitol of Constantinople †¢This one city became a strong and thriving center of an empire with a falling imperial structure †¢Emperor Constantine started to build many elaborate buildings, some of which were Christian churches oBuild his city off of the small town of Byzantium oEastern emperors would rule from this new city †¢Even before the fall of western Rome †¢Warded off intruders (including the Huns) †¢Had a solid tax base because of the peasant agriculture of the eastern Mediterranean †¢Emperor Justinian (in the 6th century) changed the official language to Greek (Latin had been the court language of the eastern empire; however, it became inferior & considered barbaric) oThis Greek knowledge gave scholars of the eastern empire to read the ancient Athenian philosophical and literary classics & the Hellenistic writings freely †¢High levels of commerce (Had been in the eastern Mediterranean) helped the new empire †¢Hellenized Egyptians and Syrians started to become involved in their administration oThis was due to the fact that many of them were moving to Constantinople (& entered the expanding bureaucracy) †¢Byzantine empire had many foreign enemies

The Ugly Truth About Beauty Essays

The Ugly Truth About Beauty Essays The Ugly Truth About Beauty Paper The Ugly Truth About Beauty Paper M N Matthews, English 21A Section 1225 5 July 2011 The Ugly Truth about Beauty: Summary In the article entitled The Ugly truth about Beauty written by Dave Barry, Barry illustrates how women view differently about their appearance than men. Women have very unrealistic perspectives on beauty. Society and the media, encourages low self-esteem. Making beauty unattainable for women and causing adversely affects upon relationships. Women focus so much on their appearance to say â€Å"not good enough†, purchasing products from the beauty industry. In contrast, Men on the other hand do not spend as much time and effort on their appearance like women; they do not spend countless hours in the mirror trying to figure out why he doesn’t look like Brad Pitt. Instead men would find some way to bolster their self-esteem that doesn’t require the looks of Brad Pitt. However to keep in mind that Dave Barry†; A man has written the article, â€Å"The ugly Truth about Beauty†. Barry implies that women have low self-esteem, yet no matter how much you tell women how great she looks, in her perspective she will stand face to face in the mirror still conclude that something is missing about her appearance. But â€Å"just because WE’RE idiots, that does not mean YOU have to be†. To Agree or Not Yes I do agree with Barry’s assessment of why there are differences in the ways men and women view themselves. The Beauty Industry and the media is a great factor such as television. Celebrities are always on T. V. onstantly becoming a target of what’s next? Kids, men and women watch shows and at times pay close attention to them, wondering what their wearing ,trying to get a clue of what to wear and what not to wear. Media always find ways to a person mind through advertisements. T. V. ads promote clothes, beauty products implanting the idea that, â€Å"you need this product to age young† or â€Å"Have a great body for the summer with Nutri-system† ,â€Å"Turn heads with head and shoulders , New and Improved formula†. Advertisements from the media have a huge impact on men and women. They buy these products thinking that this is what they need to have a body like Jennifer Lopez or having firm skin like a new born baby. In conclusion Men and women have their own personal reasons why they feel the need to give in to the ad’s and purchase products because of what they promise to do. I feel that in some way women and men feel some type of insecurity based on what society and the media pitch, so they buy the products with the promising labels of how to look your best to fit in to the world.

Essay on mobile devices

Essay on mobile devices Essay on mobile devices Essay on mobile devicesCell phones and handheld computers are powerful technological innovations that due to their portability and increasing functionality are gradually replacing desktop computers. Watching their development experts assert that we won’t need a traditional PC at all in the near future as handheld computers and smart phones will have faster processors, more memory, higher-resolution screens, better wireless communication standards. They will generally give us more opportunities and flexibility. Today more and more people enjoy using smart technology to help them make informed decisions, as mobile technology brings all necessary data in your pocket and makes it available everywhere and any time. Researchers observe the existing trends of smart phones and handheld devices development and make bold predictions for the foreseeable future. But we should await these advances in technology along with various issues coming with it, like physical and digital worlds mesh ing.Mobile world rapidly changes allow us to predict the ways cell phones and handheld computers will evolve. Thus smart phones will have flexible displays balanced with small device size. There will be no microscopic phones though, manufacturers will offer us improved executions of dual-screen design. Future phones won’t be limited to wristwatch style and will resemble transformers with touch screen and full keyboard. Moreover, nanotechnologies will be used to make phones bendable with slim roll-up LED displays. In goes without saying that hypermedia cannot be implemented on paper, as copying the document on paper will always be less effective than clicking the reference. Near field communication technology with chips built in will make head-to-head games enjoyable and simplify transactions, data exchange, making instant payments for instance. Modern world requires instant reaction and data access with no time to print and staple copies.Thus innovation in payment industry wi ll bring new ways of advertising with the use of shopping and transaction history and will have other benefits for users and businesses, while innovation in entertainment industry will result in more comfortable and graphical gaming that will take place both in the physical and digital worlds. It will be of great assistance in travelling, as technology will enable instant record of photos and information and downloading to the world’s data bank as well as creation of individual walking tours instant. Equipped with power chipsets, processors will be many times faster and support NFC and stereoscopic 3D. Such displays will be integrated with elements of movements. Technology may also go so far as to implement holographic projections meaning a combination of 3D feature-features-smart phones and projections from smart phones. Devices will apply technology of augmented reality by collecting, analyzing and providing necessary data without their assistance. It will deliver accurate information about surroundings. Mobility and flexibility of devices will create new ways to interact, like via professional social networks where users will exchange digital business cards. Similar to Kinect, in-built projector and voice control will allow capture movements and voice commands and interact with different objects. Augmented reality technology will combine computer data to what we see in real life. With extended capabilities smart phones even now resemble mini computers, the next couple of years will bring a certain standard for recognizing places, things and people. Socially-aware service will help meet people in real-time and heavy PC will soon become secondary to people.Handheld computers and smart phones will generally be more ruggedized and will grant us with instant availability of any information and affordability. However, in future there will still remain two device types: cell phones and handheld computers with their main function at the core. Though the rese archers predict these Internet-connected mobile devices be complex gadgets with infinite features and have the biggest opportunities in the history of the technology industry, users will always value their simplicity and convenience.

Paper Crafting Assistance from the Professionals

Paper Crafting Assistance from the Professionals â€Å"What is an English essay?† While this sounds like the easiest thing on the planet, we often get asked this question. As a student, you know the drill! There’s no way you will evade crating an English paper. This is just one of those essays that you have to write at one point in your academic life. Are you confident that you have the necessary skills to complete this paper? Do you even have the time to write this paper by yourself? Are you certain that you will ace this paper? Most students cannot craft their papers for varied reasons. First, they lack time to handle their assignments because they are tied up with other responsibilities, such as studying for exams, going to class, and completing other papers. Probably, they just want to relax and have a good time with friends. Other students are not skilled enough to complete these papers by themselves. They lack the know-how to craft these assignments, and they need assistance or a guide on how to go about it. Our service is the answer to all your assignment problems. Leave your paper to us if you’re looking for a professional writer that can create a persuasive paper and meet your deadlines. Still, if you need help on how to write an English essay step by step, you’ve come to the right place. We will guide you that way you can create an outstanding paper for yourself. Guidelines on How to Write an English Essay Creating such a paper may sound easy, but it isn’t. You must put several things into consideration before starting. If you need guidance on how to create such a paper, then you’ve come to the right place. Our service understands how students struggle with creating even the simplest papers. It is very normal to struggle with creating an essay even if you have been doing it for decades. However, once you master how to do it, it gets easier. Our guide is intended to make life easier for you. We have compiled a list of guidelines and tips that can help you while writing an English essay. Make use of them to increase your chances of getting a good grade in your assignment. The Guide on How to Start an English Essay Now that your professor has handed you an assignment, you are conflicted on how to begin an English essay. The first thing that you need to understand is what you are being asked of. Do you understand what the question or topic expects of you? There are important terms that you have to look out for since they act as guidelines on how you should come up with your response to the topic question. Comprehending what is expected if you will not only enable you to structure your paper properly, but it will also show you the direction in which you should take your research to answer the questions effectively. If you are to write on a topic of your choice, make sure you choose something that you’re passionate about, but it still has to be relevant. Next, research on the topic. If you intend to achieve high marks, make use of academic research articles. You must go through several sources before choosing the most relevant for your topic. Once you’re done conducting your research , create an outline of how your paper will look like. These are requirements that have to be adhered to in the structure of an English essay. Even though questions may be different and education levels may be varied, all these papers will follow a similar structural basis every time. Crafting successfully is dependent upon comprehending the structural rules. Your paper has to begin with an introduction which will sum up how you intend to answer the question, and the course that your arguments will follow. The main body will follow what has been set out in your introduction. Present your arguments coherently and logically, and link your paragraphs so that they flow from one to the next. Finally, the conclusion should sum up what you have presented and deliver the message that you intend the audience to take away with them. Next, refine your arguments. Ensure that once you’re done with the first draft of your paper, you refine your arguments. Make sure that they particularly address the question, and that your content flows coheren tly. You can take a break once you’re done, and start later after you’ve relaxed. Alternatively, you can read out your text aloud to judge on the flow and coherence. Finally, make sure that your paper adheres to the basic formatting guidelines that have been laid out by your professor. If you fail to do so, there is a chance that you perform poorly despite crafting a good paper. Additional Tips for Writing an English Essay You must utilize these tips on how to make an English essay. Make the most out of them if you hope to attain an excellent grade: Planning Will Come in Handy Even if it will seem like a waste of time, especially when you’re caught up with other academic responsibilities, it is always important that you brainstorm for a while before starting your paper. This will enable you to come up with the best-supporting ideas, instead of those that just come into mind, then position them in your paper accordingly. Make sure that your best supporting idea which makes the strongest case, and the one that you have the most knowledge on coming first. Even if you have the best-written paper, you can fail because you placed your arguments ineffectively. Aim for Variety Make use of vocabulary and sentences of varying complexity. Stop using the same words over and over. Constant Practice Good writing cannot happen overnight. Constantly practice mastering the art of crafting good English essays. 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Scientist max planck Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Scientist max planck - Research Paper Example heoretical research, Planck revealed a quite extraordinary breakthrough: ‘the law of radiation of bodies as a function of temperature could not be derived solely from the Laws of Maxwellian electrodynamics’ (Einstein 1995, 106). To reach findings in agreement with the related trials, a particular frequency’s radiation had to be dealt with as if it is composed of photons of the ‘individual energy hf’(Weast 1973, 44) in which h is the universal constant of Planck. This breakthrough became the foundation of all experiments and studies in physics in the twentieth century and has almost completely directed its progress from then on. Without this breakthrough it would have been impossible to formulate a feasible theory of energy and atomic and molecular dynamics that direct their transformations (Jammer 2000). Furthermore, it has ruined the entire structure of orthodox mechanics and electrodynamics and creates a new mission for science that is, looking for a new theoretical foundation for the whole of physics. In spite of substantial incomplete achievements, the question remains far from an agreeable answer (Einstein 1995). However, it is still impossible to dispute the fact that the quanta of Max Planck revolutionized twentieth century physics. The efforts of Max Planck in thermodynamics resulted in the development of the quantum theory. To give explanation of the shades of hot lustrous matter, Planck suggested that energy is emitted in incredibly miniscule and isolated quantized quantities or packs, rather than in an endless and steady wave (Weir 2009). He coined the term ‘quanta’ to refer to these packs of energy and he was successful in establishing that each quantum’s energy is equivalent to the radiation’s frequency multiplied by h (Hoffman 2008). This figure, shown in the form of erg-seconds, quantifies each quantum’s energy (Weast 1973). An erg ‘is the amount of energy needed to raise a milligram of mass by a distance of 1 centimeter’

Gratuities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gratuities - Essay Example In the instant case, as the Chief of Police, it becomes my primary responsibility to uphold the above principles and set an example to my colleagues and subordinates. However, the owner of the restaurant has been operating in the city for the past 15 years and the free meals he offers to the police officers is a token of his appreciation for the efficient services they render and not a favor that the officers extract. In addition, he is also a personal friend of the mayor, my boss. Thus, it appears that the restaurant owner has been offering gratuities to the officers with the tacit knowledge of the mayor. Under the present circumstances, where police corruption has become a threat to nations across the globe, as a responsible officer, I cannot tolerate the acceptance of gratuities in any form, especially when the criminal justice system is planning and implementing various policies for the prevention of corruption. Therefore, I will very politely refuse the offer of the restaurant o wner. In addition, I will also request him to not extend any such favor anymore to the officers of my department. I will also explain the situation to the mayor and apprise him of the policies that our department have on such issues. On the other hand, I understand that my decision may hurt the bona fide intention of this man and, hence, I will agree to accept some contribution from him for any facility or utility for the public visiting the police stations for any service such as building a rest room. However, prior to committing anything, I will discuss the issue in detail with my boss, the mayor. Thus, a liberal citizen’s contribution to the services we offer will ultimately revert to the benefit of the other citizens in the community. Question 2: The National Incident Management System (NIMS) provides the â€Å"national framework† for managing and supporting operations during any emergency, based on standardized incident management strategies (Emergency Operations Plan, 2013, p.8). The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standard command and control system as stipulated by NIMS for the â€Å"response at the scene of incident† (Local and Tribal NIMS Integration, n.d., p.8). Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), on the other hand, is a guide that contains the relevant guidelines to be followed â€Å"before, during, and after† an incident or emergency (Emergency Operations Plan, 2013, p.5). The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) serves as the â€Å"focal point† for managing information, making decision and providing support as well as â€Å"resource distribution† during emergencies (p.5). Thus, it transpires that the NIMS, ICS, EOP and EOC are the major components for the management of various operations during an emergency. NIMS prescribe the uniform standard and all the other components that work together during any major incident. While EOP is the set of policies to be formulated locally to counter any emergency, these wi ll be based on the standards that NIMS prescribes, the EOC and ICS execute the policies and procedures that the NIMS stipulate. Therefore, it can be construed that the activities of all these components are interrelated and mutually complementary to one another. These

Australian Latest Mining Boom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Australian Latest Mining Boom - Essay Example Both quantitative and secondary research is done to reach at a conclusion. Contents Topic Page Number 1) Introduction 3-4 2) Main Body a) Fiscal policy challenges emerging out 4-5 of the recent mining boom in Australia b) Resource Rent Taxation and Negative externality 5 c) Economic Framework of Non-Renewable 6 Resource Taxation d) Economic Costs and Benefits of Mining Super 6-8 Profit Tax e) Conclusion 9 f) Recommendations 9 g) Appendix 11 Introduction Mining boom in Australia is an outcome of huge demands for these resources in the global market, mainly Asia because of its growing need for these minerals. In all parts of Australia, mining companies are increasing their present operations, shuttered mines are being re-opened and all this is taking place at a never before pace. Moreover, this latest boom in this mining sector can also be attributed to the expansion in demand for Australian commodities by the foreign nations. This, coupled with decreasing import prices has resulted in an amazing enhancement in their terms of trade. (Banks, 2011, p. 1) At first it was perceived by most of the Australians that the boom in their mining sector had bought unequivocal benefits to their nation’s economy by creating more jobs, generating higher revenues from exports, taxation and higher incomes for most of the people. But studies have revealed that some of these increased profits from the mining companies are at the cost of profits from the non mining institutes (Richardson, 2009, p. 2). Australia is known to be an inherently resource rich nation and one of the leading countries in the world from the point of view of production of minerals. Australia, as already said, is a major exporter of mineral resources, exporting huge amounts to Asia and the Pacific regions. The Australian economy, during 2007 had grown at a rate of 3.9% owing to the increasing global demand for mineral commodities. Since, higher prices in world market for mineral commodities were expected in future as well, the Australian economy kept on expanding. As a result of an increase in the domestic demand for more workers and thinning labor market, in 2007, the consumer price index (CPI) rose by 4.2% (Australia Mineral and Mining Sector Investment and Business Guide, 2006, p. 45). With this boom came the need to review the ongoing tax system in the country. Under the Henry tax reviews the mining super profit tax was introduced which was instantly subjected to a lot of opposition from the mining community as well as the media. Here, in this report, the economic costs and benefits arising out of the mining super profit tax are analyzed and the discussion also includes some reasons as to why this tax is a good/bad policy measure. In this paper, both quantitative and qualitative research has been done. In order to analyze the costs and benefits of the super profit tax, vast literature in the form of journals, articles, books etc. have been reviewed. The proposals made by the gov ernment regarding the use of the revenues that would be generating out of this tax led to the cost-benefit analysis part. Quantitative analysis has been performed to see the amount of revenue that would have generated out of this tax, had it been implemented. Fiscal policy challenges emerging out of the recent mining boom in Australia In the upcoming years, with the increase in value of Australia’

Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japan - Essay Example The emperor had no political implications to the society but was portrayed a symbolism of the culture of Japan and some form of the historical continuity. The new leaders of the Meiji took the emperor to the national prominence and replaced the Buddhism as the religion of the nation (Mori and Rimer 20). The imperial line was associated with the Shinto at the time when the country had the oldest house that was ruling and the legendary symbol of powerful national unity. People were executing duties of the emperor without questioning anything as a way of respect, honor and to show the unity they had. The emperor never ruled, but a small group of advisers were the one responsible for deliberating on various issues that affected the people of Japan. The consultants were supposed to devise reforms and rule at the capacity of the emperor. In the same period, there was the abolition of the feudalism that marked some tremendous change to the social perspective. People were at liberty to choose any occupation of their choice and move everywhere without restrictions. The introduced a number of changes to the social systems (Mori and Rimer 28). These changes included the constitution and the national educational framework. These changes were done to enable the national growth and earn respect from the Western world. The country tried to amass support from the other neighbors, and the educational system brought a lot of popularity and it spread to a number of places. The government used the education system to educate its citizens on the need to acquire some basic knowledge and the necessary skills. By the end of the tutelage of Meiji period, many Japanese people had attended the compulsory and free public schools for not less than six years. The government monitored the schools carefully and made sure that the students got skills not only to the fields of mathematics or reading but also

Homework9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework9 - Essay Example Separation of power identifies three power centers that are necessary for offering checks and balance on each other. The branches are the Congress, the executive, and the Judiciary. The President heads the executive whose roles, besides primary roles, are to offer checks and balances on the judiciary and the Congress. The Congress is the law making body in the nation and the president has the duty to assent to made laws before they can become effective and to veto laws that may be repugnant to natural justice and this ensures that only rational laws that the Congress enact govern the people. The president also plays an important role in appointment of judges through nominating them and this ensures good conduct in the judiciary. The Judiciary is also necessary because of its checks on both the executive and the Congress. Like the executive, it can declare legislation unconstitutional and therefore render it invalid and this ensures that the Congress does not just make arbitrary laws. The Judiciary can also declare actions and decision of the executive unconstitutional to minimize arbitrary authority. The congress is also necessary because of its regulatory powers over the executive such as disapproving a bill that the president prefers, passing a law contrary to the president’s veto, impeaching the president, and refusing to approve the president’s recommendations that are subject to the Congress’ approval. In addition, the congress is necessary for its checks over the courts such as impeachment of judges for misconduct, refusing to approve appointment of a judge, and varying jurisdiction of a judge. Federalism is also necessary for checks and balances by the federal and state governments on each other (Wilson, Dilulio and Bose 31). The nation has an inefficient political system because of the mode of appointment to the political offices.

This a research Paper on Thomas Gray the Poet Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

This a on Thomas Gray the Poet - Research Paper Example His criticisms reiterated on the perception that Gray was fond of communicating using two languages that comprised of a private and public language. The use of private language was somehow challenging. This can be ascertained in his poem that is entitled; the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," which was published way back in year 1751 (Burns & Robert, 1992). On the other hand, William Wordsworth, in his preamble, made decisions to the Lyrical Ballads using the Grays piece of work entitled "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West" that was published in 1775. He used it as an example to depict that Thomas Gray was generally ruled by a fake ideology of poetic articulation that was brought out using a wrong language. In an equal judgment, Matthew Arnold gave a remark on the perspective that the age was erroneous for such a highly serious poetry. Gray also in the same manner and with familiar discernment, asserted that the age was wrong for poetry of such significance. To be noted was that Gray was affected by his ultimate age and thus failed to speak out totally. So, the main precarious biography of Gray’s reputation and reception regarding his poetry are summed up by all these judgments. The attraction of attentive critics has mainly been due to the fact of extra ordinary continuation of ‘Elegy’s significance. It is because this piece of work has been outstanding and seems to be indisputably superior especially when measured against all the other performances. Gray was born in a place known as Cornhill back in the year 1716; and was the 5th child of 12 children of Dorothy and Philip Gray, and more so he was the solitude survivor during infancy. Between the year 1725 and 1734, he attended Eton institution, where he then met Horace Walpole and Richard West, who were very influential. In 1734 he joined Peter house College in Cambridge University. After four

Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japan - Essay Example The emperor had no political implications to the society but was portrayed a symbolism of the culture of Japan and some form of the historical continuity. The new leaders of the Meiji took the emperor to the national prominence and replaced the Buddhism as the religion of the nation (Mori and Rimer 20). The imperial line was associated with the Shinto at the time when the country had the oldest house that was ruling and the legendary symbol of powerful national unity. People were executing duties of the emperor without questioning anything as a way of respect, honor and to show the unity they had. The emperor never ruled, but a small group of advisers were the one responsible for deliberating on various issues that affected the people of Japan. The consultants were supposed to devise reforms and rule at the capacity of the emperor. In the same period, there was the abolition of the feudalism that marked some tremendous change to the social perspective. People were at liberty to choose any occupation of their choice and move everywhere without restrictions. The introduced a number of changes to the social systems (Mori and Rimer 28). These changes included the constitution and the national educational framework. These changes were done to enable the national growth and earn respect from the Western world. The country tried to amass support from the other neighbors, and the educational system brought a lot of popularity and it spread to a number of places. The government used the education system to educate its citizens on the need to acquire some basic knowledge and the necessary skills. By the end of the tutelage of Meiji period, many Japanese people had attended the compulsory and free public schools for not less than six years. The government monitored the schools carefully and made sure that the students got skills not only to the fields of mathematics or reading but also

This a research Paper on Thomas Gray the Poet Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

This a on Thomas Gray the Poet - Research Paper Example His criticisms reiterated on the perception that Gray was fond of communicating using two languages that comprised of a private and public language. The use of private language was somehow challenging. This can be ascertained in his poem that is entitled; the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," which was published way back in year 1751 (Burns & Robert, 1992). On the other hand, William Wordsworth, in his preamble, made decisions to the Lyrical Ballads using the Grays piece of work entitled "Sonnet on the Death of Richard West" that was published in 1775. He used it as an example to depict that Thomas Gray was generally ruled by a fake ideology of poetic articulation that was brought out using a wrong language. In an equal judgment, Matthew Arnold gave a remark on the perspective that the age was erroneous for such a highly serious poetry. Gray also in the same manner and with familiar discernment, asserted that the age was wrong for poetry of such significance. To be noted was that Gray was affected by his ultimate age and thus failed to speak out totally. So, the main precarious biography of Gray’s reputation and reception regarding his poetry are summed up by all these judgments. The attraction of attentive critics has mainly been due to the fact of extra ordinary continuation of ‘Elegy’s significance. It is because this piece of work has been outstanding and seems to be indisputably superior especially when measured against all the other performances. Gray was born in a place known as Cornhill back in the year 1716; and was the 5th child of 12 children of Dorothy and Philip Gray, and more so he was the solitude survivor during infancy. Between the year 1725 and 1734, he attended Eton institution, where he then met Horace Walpole and Richard West, who were very influential. In 1734 he joined Peter house College in Cambridge University. After four

A Horrid Memory Essay Example for Free

A Horrid Memory Essay My sweaty palms ran through-out the thin strands of my hair as I tried to comfort myself for just a single moment. I felt scared, almost terrified as the screams of my nightmare echoed in my ears and made my head throb. Almost never did I have such vivid dreams, and when I did, I never remembered them the next day. Nevertheless, I dont think that Ill ever be able to make amends with my darkest memories and reliving situations that scarred my childhood and eventually my life, can never be forgotten. All I can do is go back and ask what this version of myself could have done to avoid or even confront the situations and events. Around me, there were four chairs, each one with a primary colors: blue, red, green and yellow, around the circular, light wooden table, and of course, I was in one of them. In front of me, was my mother, who had a slim and petite figure, dark brown hair, as well as matching brown eyes and tanned skin; she was feeding the birthday girl, who was a 1 year toddler. Next to me was my six year old sister, and she had pale skin with orange colored freckles, almond shaped eyes and chestnut hair. On the right side of the table, was my stepfather, who was visibly, a few drinks from drunk, and you could notice it by the scent coming out of his mouth and his blood shot eyes. He was also pale, freckles everywhere and bold eyes that made little statement thanks to his glasses. I was about thirteen years old, and I can still recall the smell of a hot and cheesy plate of macaroni, and each bite that I took of it was better than the one before. But I was so focused in my delicious food, that I hadnt realized the silence that crept over the entire table. Feeling like there was an absence of a healthy family conversation, I tried to create a conversation â€Å"So.. What did you guys do today? † I said, feeling my eyes were full of excitement and content, food always had that effect on me. Four pairs of eyes were staring at me, and I began to drop my fork as I saw my stepfather placing a knife against his five-o-clock shadow. Everyone in the table stared at him, and I immediately started to feel uncomfortable. â€Å"Is it true what Isabel told me? † His voice was cold, dark and had a sense of hidden humor, it felt like a horror movie. Our eyes then shifted towards Isabel, my little sister, and she looked like she had just fallen into a hole and had no idea how to get out of it. â€Å"She told me that you guys didnt love me, you guys didnt want me. † He spoke once again with the same tone, and at first, I thought he was joking, so I laughed but then I was rewarded with a deadly glare, which let me know that he wasnt joking. The air around the room got thin, and I could feel the walls trying to suffocate me. My mom, knowing he was drunk, had an annoyed expression planted on her face. â€Å"No, we never said that, now finish up your plate. I think its time for you to go to bed. † She usually had pretty low tolerance with drunk people, and her husband was no exception. I think that the only one that wasnt in tension, was my 1 year old sister, Dianelle because she couldnt understand dialogue, what we were saying. He shoved the plate from the edge of the table, and soon after, I heard it smash against the ground. After being well aware about what was going to happen next, I took Dianelle into my arms and let my mother handle the situation before I said anything that would make him angrier. Nelson, my stepfather, got up from his chair and went to the kitchen cabinets to get something and when he turned around, he had a jalapeno mixed with DonQ spice in his hand. â€Å"You know what happens when you lie to me? You get jalapeno in your mouth. † He must have been mentally sick, because he was actually laughing. As a result of the emitted screams, yells and pleading for him to stop, the police came and took him away, right after he took out the butcher knife. In those three months that he wasnt around, it had probably been the most peaceful moments that my mother and my sisters spent together, we were even closer. The house was calm, the flowers smelled better and I didnt feel in danger or threatened while he was gone. But he eventually came back, and my mom accepted him, with the excuse of a face that he always made, opening his eyes widely and puckering his lips, trying to make a puppy dog face and he always got everyone to laugh. Ive learned that no matter how much you love someone, theyre never worth hurting the rest of the people around you, that love you.

Biocompatibility Study of Lactobacillus Casei

Biocompatibility Study of Lactobacillus Casei BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDY OF LACTOBACILLUS CASEI ISOLATED FROM CUCUMBER AND EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC EFFECTS IN THE HUMAN GUT NANNU SHAFAKATULLAH* and M. CHANDRA Abstract: Probiotics are live microorganisms introduced orally in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that are able to contribute positively to the activity of intestinal microflora and therefore, to the health of its host. A variety of probiotic supplements are currently available in the market which target towards improving the balance and activity of the intestinal microflora. Probiotics must have robust survival properties in the gut in order to exert any beneficial health promoting properties. Many in vitro properties, such as adhesion, co-aggregation, aggregation, hydrophobicity, resistance to pH, bile, etc., are usually investigated to determine if a specific selected strain would be suitable as a probiotic. Lactobacillus casei has been isolated from raw cucumber and identified based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. The isolate was studied for its survival at acidic pH, bile salt, intestinal juice, gastric juice, co-aggregation, aggregation, different NaCl concentrations, the ir action against pathogens, and resistance to antibiotics. The organism has shown well resistance to antibiotics, gastric acids and bile digestion and also exhibited good adhesion to intestinal mucosa and aggregation properties. Key words: Biocompatibility, cucumber, gastrointestinal tract, Lactobacillus casei, probiotics Introduction: Probiotics are defined as â€Å"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host†1. The use of probiotic bacteria for the health of human has been increased from the last decade due to the increased research on benefits of the probiotics for human. Knowledge of gut health and awareness of general health consciousness in human leads to the search of new probiotic bacteria2-7. It has been proved that irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and antibiotic-induced diarrhea that occur due to the imbalance in the intestinal microflora can be reversed by the intake of probiotics.Lactobacillus species are â€Å"Generally Recognized as Safe† (GRAS) microorganisms and they are the most commonly used microorganisms as probiotics and are the most desired intestinal microflora. It is important to study the biocompatibility of the lactobacillus species before using them as probiotics. Acidic pH, bile salts, and gastric and intestinal juice in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are the major stress factors that the probiotics should overcome in order to survive in GIT. Other than their survival capabilities, the probiotic microbes consumed should possess the capacity to adhere and colonize in the gastro intestinal tract. More the adherence capacity of the probiotics more is their chance to retain themselves in the GIT and provide positive effect to the consumer. In accordance with the FAO/WHO8 guidelines in order to prevent the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from the probiotics to the intestinal pathogens it is recommended that the antibiotic resistance/susceptibility pattern of every probiotic strain (including bacteria with GRAS status) is to be determined. Due to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens there is increased interest in the alternative antimicrobial strategies for treatment and prevention of infections by using probiotics and their antimicrobial metabolites. Hence, antimicrobial activity against pathogens is a desirable property of a potential probiotic strain. The present study was aimed at isolation, identification, characterization and biocompatibility study of the Lactobacillus strain isolated from cucumber. The biocompatibility properties were investigated throughin vitro assays. Material and Methods Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Fresh cucumber juice was prepared and 1ml of this was serially diluted to 10-5 to 10-6 and inoculated 0.1 ml on to lactobacillus MRS agar plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 hours anaerobically. Gram’s staining, catalase activity, gas production from glucose, acid fast test, MRVP test, gelatine hydrolysis, oxidase test, growth in different NaCl was determined according to methods for lactic acid bacteria9-10. The identification work was done according to the methods described in Bergey’s Manual11 and the Prokaryotes. All the strains were maintained by weekly sub culturing from 48hrs MRS agar cultures. Growth characteristics at different temperature were monitored for 7 days period. Production of ammonia from arginine was done according to the method described by Abdel-Malek and Gibson12, Nitrate reduction was done as described by Gerhardt et al., 13. The isolates were maintained in MRS broth, stock cultures were stored on agar slants in refrigerator and also freez e dried and stored for longer period. Growth at acidic pH The growth behavior of culture isolate was observed at acidic pH to find the acid tolerance capacity of organisms. The Isolate was inoculated in MRS broth with pH 2 and 3 and incubation was done at 37 °C for 48-72 hrs. During these incubation time cells growth was observed and results were recorded. Transit Tolerance: 1. Simulated Gastric Juice The simulated gastric juice was prepared freshly by suspending pepsin 1:10000 (3g/L) (SRL) in sterile NaCl (0.5%) and the pH was adjusted to 2.0 and 3.0 respectively. This was filter sterilized using 0.45 µm filter. The L. casei was grown in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth at 37 °C for 24 h and centrifuged at 2,500 Ãâ€" g at 4 °C for 10 min. The collected cells were resuspended in sterile saline (0.5% NaCl) and inoculated into the simulated gastric juice (pH 2.0 and 3.0) at 108 cfu/ ml. The test was done in triplicates. Because the pH in the human stomach ranges from 1 (during fasting) to 4.5 (after a meal) and food ingestion can take up to 3 h, tolerance was assayed by determining the total viable count at 0, 1.5 and 3-h incubation in simulated gastric juice (pH 2.0 and 3.0). 2. Simulated Intestinal Juice The simulated intestinal juice was prepared freshly by suspending pancreatin (1g/L) in sterile NaCl (0.5%) and adjusted the pH to 8.0. This was again filter sterilized by using 0.45 µm filter. 1ml of the suspension of the L. casei was inoculated into 9ml of simulated intestinal juice (pH 8.0) and incubated at 37 °C. The test was done in triplicates. The survival rate was assessed by determining the total viable count at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8hrs of incubation. 3. Bile Tolerance Bile plays an important role in the survival of bacteria in the small intestine. Food remains in the small intestine for around 4-6 hours14 till it gets absorbed. The L. casei was screened for its survival at different bile concentrations. The organism was inoculated into 10 ml MRS broth in test tubes and incubated at 37 ºC overnight in anaerobic condition. 100ÃŽ ¼l of active culture was inoculated into fresh MRS broth tubes with pH 6.5 containing 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% bile (CDH India). The bacterial survival was measured by MRS agar colony count by taking 100ÃŽ ¼l culture for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and aliquots spread onto MRS agar plates to calculate the CFU/ml. The experiment was determined in triplicate to calculate intra-assay variation. CFU/ml was recorded. Aggregation (Del Re et al., 2000) Aggregation assay was performed by growing the isolates in MRS broth for 24 hours anaerobically at 37oC. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 15 min, at 4oC. The cells were washed twice and re-suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to give viable counts of approximately 108 CFU/ ml. Four ml of the cell suspension was mixed for 10 seconds in a sterile tube to determine auto aggregation during 5h of incubation, at room temperature. The upper suspension was used in each hour by transferring 0.1ml to another 3.9ml of phosphate buffer solution, and the optical density at 660nm was measured. Tests were carried out in triplicate and the results were averaged. The auto aggregation percentage was calculated by the formula: 1- (At/A0) X 100, where, At represents the absorbance at time t = 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and A0 the absorbance at t = 0. Aggregation abilities of microorganisms were screened by visual observation. Co-aggregation The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 15 min after incubation at 37 °C for 18h, washed twice and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to give viable counts of approximately 108 CFU /ml. Equal volumes (2 ml) of each cell suspension were mixed together in pairs by vortexing. Control tubes were set up at the same time, containing 4 ml of each bacterial suspension on its own. The absorbances at 660 nm of the suspensions were measured after mixing and after 5 h of incubation (6-9). The percentage of co-aggregation was calculated using the equation Handley et al. (1987) as, Co-aggregation (%) = [(Ax + Ay) /2) A (x+ y)] / [(Ax + Ay)/ 2] Ãâ€" 100 Where x and y represent each of the two strains in the control tubes, and (x + y) the mixture of isolate tested for co-aggregation. Antibiotic Sensitivity test Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolate was performed by standard disc diffusion method (NCCLS 1999) towards thirteen antibiotics. The pure culture of L. casei suspension was spread on the MRS agar plates to form a uniform smear. Selected antibiotic discs were aseptically transferred on to the seeded plates. The diameters of the zone of inhibition were measured using antibiotic zone scale (Himedia India) after 24 h of incubation. The experiment was repeated thrice and the average inhibitory zone diameters were compared with the standards provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Diameters of inhibition zones were measured and results were expressed as sensitive, S (≠¥ 21 mm); intermediate, I (16-20 mm) and resistant, R (≠¤ 15 mm), respectively according to that described by Vlkovà ¡ et al., 15. Antimicrobial Activity Test Agar well diffusion method16 was used to determine the inhibitory capacity of the L. casei against pathogenic strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The isolate and pathogenic strains were incubated in MRS agar medium at 37 °C for 24 to 48 h. Result and Discussion Physiological and Biochemical Characterization The isolate was subjected to Gram’s staining and it was examined under light microscope. The strain gave blue- purple color with staining; hence it was Gram positive bacteria. Isolate was tested for catalase activity. It was catalase negative (do not show catalase activity). To test the gas production from glucose test tubes were observed for 5 days. The Isolate shown no gas production this indicates its homofermentative nature (Table 1). Another criterion for the identification the isolate was the ability of growth at different temperatures (Table 2). From the results of 5 days observation the isolate showed growth at 15-50  °C. Growth at different NaCl concentrations was observed. The isolate has the ability to grow at 2-6% NaCl concentration. Arginine hydrolysis test was another step to follow the identification procedure. The isolate which gave the bright orange were accepted that they can produce ammonia from arginine. The yellow colour indicated negative arginine hydro lysis. The isolate has shown -ve for arginine hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of starch was negative by isolate. The isolate was non motile, non spore forming. The most useful test for the determination of strain differences is carbohydrate fermentation. Twenty one (other than glucose) different carbohydrates were used for identification. They gave different fermentation patterns when they were compared. The patterns are showed in Table 3. Resistance to acidic pH Being resistant to low pH is one of the major selection criteria for probiotic strains17-18. Since, to reach the small intestine they have to pass through from the stressful conditions of stomach19. Although in the stomach, pH can be as low as 1.0, in most in vitro assays pH 3.0 has been preferred. Due to the fact that a significant decrease in the viability of strains is often observed at pH 2.0 and below20. Sudden decrease in the survival rate of the isolate has been observed at pH 2. At the third hour the survival rate reduced below 5%. At pH3 more than 10% survival has been observed after 3 hours of incubation. Tolerance against Bile The isolate was screened for its ability to tolerate the bile salt. Although the bile concentration of the human gastrointestinal tract varies, the mean intestinal bile concentration is believed to be 0.3% w/v and the staying time is suggested to be 4 h. Strain was screened for 3 hours in 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% of bile salt for its survival. The cfu values were observed. According to the results the isolate was resistant to 0.3% and 0.5% bile salt. Whereas sudden fall in the number of survival organisms has been observed at 1.00% bile. The survival rate reached to 5% at the end of 3 hours of incubation at 1.00% of bile. Tolerance to Gastric Juice The degree of gastric juice resistance exhibited by isolate was determined and results (Figure 4) showed that >75% of survival has been observed in gastric juice at pH 3 for 1.5 hours of incubation, whereas at pH2 the survival rate was >30% for 1.5 hours of incubation. But at 3 hours of incubation the survival rate at pH 3 reached to Tolerance to Intestinal Juice The isolate was tested for its ability to grow in intestinal juice. It appears that the strain exhibited good resistance to intestinal juice at pH 8 for four hours of growth (Figure 5). Good multiplication of all the isolates has been found at 6th hour of incubation. Aggregation On the basis of sedimentation characteristics aggregation capability of the isolate was tested. L. casei has exhibited good amount of aggregation during the test time of 5 hours (Figure 5). Co-aggregation The co-aggregations of L. casei with five pathogenic bacteria were examined. Results were expressed as the percentage reduction after 5 h in the absorbance of a mixed suspension compared with the individual suspension. Good co-aggregation of L. casei with S. aureus has been seen. There was no co-aggregation between L. casei and B. subtilis. 2-6% of co-aggregation has been seen with E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa (Figure 6). Antibiotic Sensitivity test The determination of antibiotic sensitivity of the isolate is an important prerequisite prior to considering it safe for human and animal consumption. The isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. The results are given in Table 4. The isolate was resistant to most of the antibiotics used. According to earlier reports, specific antibiotic resistance traits among probiotic strains may be desirable21. It has been said by many authors that probiotics should be resistant to certain antibiotics when used along with antibiotics to prevent gastrointestinal disorders. Whereas others claim that antibiotics resistant probiotics used may serve as host of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial Activity Test Antimicrobial activity helps to select the potential probiotics strains. Antimicrobial activity usually targets the intestinal pathogens. The isolate was examined for antibacterial activity. L. casei was grown with indicator microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial effect on the indicator microorganisms was determined by diameter of inhibition zones. Lactobacilli casei has a high ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The degree of inhibition was highest in S. aureus, whereas the inhibition was moderate in E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. The isolate could not inhibit the growth of spore forming B. subtilis. Conclusion: Lactobacillus casei has shown good survival in acidic pH, different bile concentrations, gastric juice and intestinal juice. The organism exhibited good survival in the presence of different antibiotics. The isolate is also able to inhibit the growth of different pathogenic microorganisms examined. All these characteristics of the organism will help it to survive in the stomach and proliferate in the intestine. This will help strains to reach the small intestine and colon and contributing to the balance of intestinal microflora.

The Mask :: essays research papers

The Mask The mask is a form of deception or illusion. Sometimes, it can be worn as both. It hides the true emotions of slaves, keeping the slave master from knowing what is going on in their minds. The mask also allows the slave to have an identity without the master’s detection. The mask gives the illusion that the slave is exactly how the masters believe, ignorant, incapable of true emotion, and unable to think for themselves. A perfect depiction of the mask can be found in Charles Chestnutt’s The Passing of Grandison. Colonel, Grandison’s master, believed that he would never try to escape if allowed to go on a journey with his son, Dick. The colonel recommends to Dick that he bring Grandison along on his travels. â€Å"What’s the matter with Grandison?† suggested the colonel. â€Å" He’s handy enough, and I reckon we can trust him. He’s too fond of good eating to risk losing his regular meals; besides, he’s sweet on your mother’s maid, Betty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( 536) The colonel’s belief in Grandison as a faithful servant, proves that he was in fact deceived by the mask that Grandison was wearing. In another passage, colonel is discussing with Grandison if he feels better off than the free negroes that don’t have â€Å" no kind master to look after them and no mistress to give them medicine.† Grandison replies with an answer that reflecting his accomadation to colonel. â€Å" Well, I sh’d jes reckon I is better off, suh, dan dem low- down free niggers, suh! Ef anybody ax’em who dey B’long ter, dey has ter say nobody, er e’se lie erbout it. Anybody ax me who I B’longs ter, I ain’ got no ‘casion ter be shame ‘ter tell ‘em, no, suh, ‘deed I ain’, suh!† (536) By Grandison replying in this matter, he used the mask to deceive the colonel and fool him into thinking that he never thought about being free. He was able to make the colonel believe that he was indeed content. Not only was Grandison able to fool the colonel with the mask, but he was able to fool Dick as well. While they were up north, Dick warned Grandison about the abolitionists. He also tells him that it is his opportunity to see how the free negroes live. Dick asks Grandison if he met any of them. â€Å"Yas, suh, I’s seen some of ‘em. But I don’ keer nuffin fer ‘em, suh.